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Getting started with "Getting Things Done"

This article was originally posted during the first week of 43 Folders’ existence, and, pound for pound, it remains our most popular page on the site. Please be sure to also visit related pages, browse our GTD topic area, plus, of course you can search on GTD across our family of sites.

GTD coverI’ll be talking a lot here in coming weeks about Getting Things Done, a book by David Allen whose apt subtitle is “The Art of Stress-Free Productivity.” You’ve probably heard about it around the Global Interweb or have been buttonholed by somebody in your office who swears by GTD. (It probably takes a backseat only to the Atkins Diet in terms of the number of enthusiastic evangelists: sorry about that.)

Like I did the other day with Quicksilver, I wanted to provide a gentle, geek-centric introduction to Getting Things Done, so that you can think about whether it might be right for you. It also gives you time to pick up your own copy of the book and get a feel for how David’s system works. (You can support 43 Folders by buying the book from Amazon, but it’s also up at ISBN.nu and, of course, on shelves at your local bookstore). You’ll also eventually want to grab some of the other GTD essentials, like a ton of manila folders, a good label maker, and a big-ass garbage can. It’s time to get your act together, hoss.

The Problem with “stuff”

Getting Things Done succeeds because it first addresses a critical barrier to completing the atomic tasks that we want to accomplish in a given day. That’s “stuff.” Amorphous, unactionable, flop-sweat-inducing stuff. David says:

Here’s how I define “stuff:” anything you have allowed into your psychological or physical world that doesn’t belong where it is, but for which you haven’t yet determined the desired outcome and the next action step. [pg. 17]

Stuff is bouncing around in our heads and causing untold stress and anxiety. Evaluation meetings, bar mitzvahs, empty rolls of toilet paper, broken lawn mowers, college applications, your big gut, tooth decay, dirty underwear and imminent jury duty all compete for prime attention in our poor, addled brains. Stuff has no “home” and, consequently, no place to go, so it just keeps rattling around.

Worst off, we’re too neurotic to stop thinking about it, and we certainly don’t have time to actually do everything in one day. Jeez Louise, what the hell am I, Superman?

So you sprint from fire to fire, praying you haven’t forgotten anything, sapped of anything like creativity or even the basic human flexibility to adapt your own schedule to the needs of your friends, your family or yourself. Your “stuff” has taken over your brain like a virus now, dragging down every process it touches and rendering you spent and virtually useless. Sound familiar?

So how does GTD work?

This is a really summarized version, but here it is, PowerPoint-style:

  1. identify all the stuff in your life that isn’t in the right place (close all open loops)
  2. get rid of the stuff that isn’t yours or you don’t need right now
  3. create a right place that you trust and that supports your working style and values
  4. put your stuff in the right place, consistently
  5. do your stuff in a way that honors your time, your energy, and the context of any given moment
  6. iterate and refactor mercilessly

So, basically, you make your stuff into real, actionable items or things you can just get rid of. Everything you keep has a clear reason for being in your life at any given moment—both now and well into the future. This gives you an amazing kind of confidence that a) nothing gets lost and b) you always understand what’s on or off your plate.

Also built-in to the system are an ongoing series of reviews, in which you periodically re-examine your now-organized stuff from various levels of granularity to make sure your vertical focus (individual projects and their tasks) is working in concert with your horizontal focus (side to side scanning of all incoming channels for new stuff). It’s actually sort of fun and oddly satisfying.

GTD is geek-friendly

When I first saw Cory’s notes about Danny’s Alpha Geek talk, I knew I was with my people. I had been using GTD enthusiastically for a couple months at that point and immediately saw a bunch of common ground.

I think Getting Things Done appeals to geeks for a lot of reasons. Overgeneralizing for effect:

  • geeks are often disorganized or have a twisted skein of attention-deficit issues
  • geeks love assessing, classifying, and defining the objects in their world
  • geeks crave actionable items and roll their eyes at “mission statements” and lofty management patois
  • geeks like things that work with technology-agnostic and lofi tools
  • geeks like frameworks but tend to ignore rules
  • geeks are unusually open to change (if it can be demonstrated to work better than what they’re currently using)
  • geeks like fixing things on their own terms
  • geeks have too many projects and lots and lots of stuff

The OSX angle/warning

A majority of what I’ll be talking about is going to be independent of platforms and specific tools; a lot of what’s happening here will be more about behavior and thinking than the specific flavor of your tools. I will spill the beans by admitting that my own GTD implementation relies primarily on a handful of text files (which I think might appeal to some of the command-line folks out there).

But I do want to warn the Mac-haters that there will be occasional—nay, frequent—detours into the specifics of implementing GTD on OSX. If that’s going to freak you out, maybe you should sit this site out. I’d understand completely (but, fair warning, I really won’t suffer a lot of on-site bickering about it).

Thing is: GTD has attracted a huge audience of PC users—one suspects in part because David Allen sells an Outlook plug-in for Windows. But I’ve had a difficult time finding many deep resources on how to do GTD on a Mac. So I really do want to look at how things like Quicksilver, iCal, BBEdit, NetNewsWire, and the almighty shell script can make this easier for all my Apple sisters and brothers. Deal.

So what next?

I’ve hit the stuff that’s been important to me, but YMMV. If you’re still on the fence, try a few of the links below and check out Amazon’s “Look Inside” for the book—it features the TOC, index, and a few pages from the introduction.

I also encourage folks, both novice and seasoned, to ask and answer questions here via comments (keep it nice, please). It’d be swell if this could be like a book club thing where we round back up after a week or three to look at how people are liking GTD and how they’re implementing it. I’ll be here, and maybe you will too.


Best of “GTD” on 43 Folders

GTD coverAn occasionally-updated list of the most popular articles on GTD. (added 2007-02-11)

  • How does a geek hack GTD? - “So I wanted to start a conversation about how geeks handle their lists, their projects, and their agendas–not so much in terms of the tool they use to store the information, although that’s fair game–as with how they segment the information and decide when to break it into pieces.”
  • Next actions: Both physical and visible - “But, for me, turning anxieties into projects and projects into discrete physical behaviors has a lot of appeal. It takes all the pressure off your brain and puts it back where it belongs: on your eyes, on your hands, and on that fat ass you need to get into gear.”
  • Does this ‘next action’ belong someplace else? - “I’ve noticed that there are often items on my ‘next actions’ list that hang around a lot longer than they should. I scan and rescan and sort and add and delete, but there’s always a few stragglers who hang out there for a week or more. Eventually this starts to vex me, and I try to debug why things aren’t getting done.”
  • Mental dialogues, yak-shaving & the triumph of the ‘mini-review’ - “My mini-review falls somewhere between the glances I give my lists throughout the day and the comprehensive weekly review I do each weekend. It’s basically a 10-minute metamoment where I stop working and just try to re-focus on my goals, and the tactical adjustments needed to get them moved forward today.”
  • What are you ‘waiting on?’ - “The thread that runs through all of these is that the onus is on me to a) make sure these items represent part of a commitment I’ve made, and b) make sure they actually get done (even if it’s not my direct responsibility); otherwise, they should get moved onto my ‘Maybe/Later’ list, right?”
  • A Year of Getting Things Done - (3-part series: 1, 2, 3) - “I recently realized that this month marks one year since I started using Getting Things Done in earnest. With the calendar year closing, it seems like an apt time to look back at what’s worked, what hasn’t, and where I’d like to see GTD heading in the future.
  • Choosing a daily GTD action plan - “I employ an informal Getting Things Done action strategy that’s similar to the one Chris lays out in his post. I often have a theme for a given day, where I choose an approach that’s suited to my mood, my energy level, and the kind and amount of work on my TODO list. (I’m especially a fan of days where I knock down ‘mosquito tasks’ as Chris calls them.)”
  • Fractal Implementation, or, On the Dangers of David Allen’s Finger - “This is my stake in the ground about GTD: if you can stay focused on drawing from its best practices to get more of the important things in your life accomplished, then you’ll be a happy kid. For real. But if, like a seeming majority of people I encounter these days, you allow yourself to obsess endlessly over the minutest details of implementation and maintenance—well, you’re screwed. You’re wasting your time.”
  • Inbox Zero: Processing to zero - “The more email you have been neglecting in your inbox, the more drastic and ruthless your processing must be.”
  • Do a fast “mind-sweep” - “By and large, you’ll discover, your head is flooded with this stuff that you aren’t or haven’t been doing anything about. Not coincidentally, this is almost always stuff that represents some kind of incompletion, functional fuzziness, or procrastination on your part.”
  • Simplify your contexts - “If you feel a gnaw about the loss of your old contexts, try to shunt some of the mental load into sub-projects and better verb choices in your tasks.”
  • Folders for organization and action - “But, as ever, if you’re fussing and thinking and fiddling and wondering about this stuff, you aren’t doing it, and dammit, that’s what this is all about.”
  • Priorities don’t exist in a vacuum - “Unless you can always satisfy the big red letter commitments you’ve created for yourself — as well as the ones that are constantly being generated for you by others — an obsession with priority alone is pointlessly stress-inducing, unhealthy, and unrealistic.”
  • 6 powerful “look into” verbs (+ 1 to avoid) - “Decisions can only be delivered after you’ve nourished them with timely and thought-provoking information.”
  • Productive Talk Compilation: 8-episode podcast with GTD’s David Allen - “Hope you all enjoy hearing the whole series, in order, all in one place. There’s some nuggets of GTD gold in there, if I do say so myself.”

Links

(I’ll continue to add good starting resources here, so check back periodically.)

Getting Things Done book

Excerpts from Getting Things Done

David’s sites

Essential resources (Print these—now, Grasshopper)

Other good stuff



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Michael Williams's picture

I'm very keen to follow...

I’m very keen to follow along with this series of posts. However, I’m awfully busy (probably because I’m so disorganised!) How necessary is having a copy of the book or even reading the whole thing going to be?

Merlin Mann's picture

I think you’ll find plenty...

I think you’ll find plenty of good tips without reading the whole book. I would grab M Vance’s Outline to give you a high-level understanding.

Once they get into it, a lot of people find they want to immerse themselves in GTD completely for 2 or 3 days to get everything in order—a lot of folks say it pays back the time investment by a factor of many, FWIW.

Marilyn Langfeld's picture

Have you checked out Daylite,...

Have you checked out Daylite, from MarketCircle? It’s primarily for sales management, but folks often discuss DTD on it’s email list.

josh's picture

I really look forward to...

I really look forward to the OS X-specific info. I’m a Mac guy who picked up GTD after seeing all the nerd cred it had online. But despite reading the book, I haven’t implemented it yet. I’d love to see what files you use, what lists you keep — even the lists themselves (or some bowdlerized version, since you’d understandably like to keep some things private). I’m just curious what level of detail you get down to in your lists.

Anyway, Merlin, I’ve been a fan of all your online work for a while now, and I really look forward to reading more in the coming weeks.

Matt Whyndham's picture

Cheers for this, don't forget...

Cheers for this, don’t forget to polish M Vance’s outline as you go through. It’s a wiki. Yes, helping others is an actionable item. I’m hitting the stationary cupboard … er .. tomorrow.

Mike's picture

Check out Life Balance (http://www.llamagraphics.com)...

Check out Life Balance (http://www.llamagraphics.com) for excellent GTD helper software for Mac OS X (and Window and Palm I think).

Lon's picture

I've had the book for...

I’ve had the book for a few months now and I’m finally getting ready to implement. I’m thinking of using a wiki as my organizational tool. I work in a cross-platform environment so I frequently switch between Mac, Windows and even Linux. I think something web-based yet simple, like wiki, might be my best bet. But I’m interested in knowing if anyone else has ever implemented GTD with a wiki (I couldn’t find anything on the davidco forums.)

Merlin Mann's picture

Lon: I think a wiki is...

Lon:

I think a wiki is a terrific idea. I run both Instiki and VoodooPad on my local Mac as well as PHPWiki for “PantyWad.” Instiki would really be my hands down choice for a simple wiki except that many ISPs haven’t caught up to the version of Ruby needed to run it. :(

For you, depending on your needs and skills, I’d look at either Usemod or PHPWiki. I think the latter may be better for GTD because of the cool category stuff. But Instiki is so damned pretty and fun to use (plus it supports Markdown!). Usemod is pretty basic, but it just couldn’t be easier to set up.

Todd Dailey's picture

Merlin, Love your site, found you...

Merlin,

Love your site, found you through Bradlands. I’m new to GTD and this is a great resource.

I hate your fixed center column width though. On my cinema display the side borders look positively silly. (Want a screenshot? :) ) Any way to talk you into making the center column a non-absolute width? I feel like I’m reading a very very long sidebar. :)

Frank Cienniwa's picture

I would love to see...

I would love to see the Advanced Workflow (PDF) but am unable to open it. Can you try to make it available? I need to get my team on the GTD plan.

Gordo's picture

I read GTD, then started...

I read GTD, then started to consider how to implement it.

My solution? Use email.

Mail.app with my imap server is proving to be a good fit for me. I can use mail.app offline to edit/queue messages, which syncs with the imap when I go online. I am not tied to a duct taped solution, infact, email is a rather elegant solution.

Next steps, getting a rim pager, to capture those fleeting thoughts and get them into the system.

Also setup a mailbot to reply with summary of what is in some mailboxes.

Why re-invent the wheel? :-)

Lon's picture

Instiki is, in fact, the...

Instiki is, in fact, the wiki system I’ve settled on. I’ve used phpWiki and MoinMoin on other projects but after using instiki I’m hooked on its elegant simplicity. I haven’t used Markdown—Textile seems more my style—but perhaps I should try it to see what all the fuss is about.

Merlin Mann's picture

Todd, you need a smaller...

Todd, you need a smaller display, that’s your problem. ;-)

Good call. I like it better. Thanks.

(Now send me some schwag. I’ve been buying your goddamn computers for almost 20 years!)

grubi's picture

So, you're going to go...

So, you’re going to go into why using a wiki for personal use is a good idea? Because I’ve heard it from several sources, but I cannot seem to imagine it. Perhaps some sort of demo would be helpful :-)

JP's picture

Instiki is the way to...

Instiki is the way to go, at least as far as managing the many lists is concerned. What stumps me, though, is the management of the myriad project support files I sometimes need to link to list items (or calender items…grr, iCal).

Voodoopad gets the file-management aspect right, because you can drag actual files into each wiki page, but I just don’t like the feel of Voodoopad.

I’d be interested to hear how others keep their files associated with list- and calendar items in OSX.

Todd Dailey's picture

JP, I'm just getting organized myself,...

JP,

I’m just getting organized myself, but I’m leaning towards Circus Ponies NoteBook for electronic project files.

http://circusponies.com/

Download the eval and see what you think. I like the tabbed notebook view, and it seems very skinnable if you don’t like the default views. I don’t see any real to-do list management, so it’s probably only approvriate for support files, but it may work out.

Derek's picture

I am very interested in...

I am very interested in all of this as I begin another semester of school. Would anyone care to elaborate Gordo’s query into using email to facillitate the organization principles of this system? I am jusy a little reluctant to stray too far from beloved email cockpit, especially after I have crashed and burned with the Franklin and Daytimer systems already. Thanks to all for the informative posts.

Steven Jarvis's picture

Merlin: can TypePad do Comment...

Merlin: can TypePad do Comment thread RSS feeds (like WordPress)? This would be a great one to track that way. I’ve never thought of them as that useful, but I think I’m starting to see the light.

Hilarie's picture

This is perfect. I just...

This is perfect. I just stumbled onto this site (via del.icio.us) and wouldn’t you know it…I’ve been thinking about picking up a copy of “Getting Things Done” for the past few days.

I saw GTD while looking for an audio book (on iTunes) of “The Now Habit”, which I just read and loved. While I highly recommend “The Now Habit” to any procrastinators out there, I could still use some more tangible strategies for becoming more productive. Hopefully “Getting Things Done” will do the trick for me.

John's picture

VoodooPad. I've found it to be...

VoodooPad.

I’ve found it to be perfect not for large scale Life Balance-style organization, but for little stuff like remembering passwords, lists of jokes, copied text for web sites, simple to do lists, and so forth. I used to just have a big old directory of text files. Voodoopad is a good replacement for big old directories of text files. Don’t get too fancy with it and you’ll find it’s ideal for its scope.

(I also use it for writing. Compare it to dedicated creative writing applications like Ulysses. I’ve found that wikis, once you have a good workflow, are way more useful- you make an index page, a note page, etc.)

bongoman's picture

For implementing GTD, I've tried...

For implementing GTD, I’ve tried them all: DayLite, VoodooPad, OmniOutliner, LifeBalance. And I’ve now settled on Entourage 2004 as my main GTD tool. It syncs to the Palm nicely, I have all my Projects, tasks and hard landscape in one spot AND it rocks being able to have project-based email.

At the core of Entourage’s usefulness as far as GTD is concerned is of course the Project Center. I suspect that a more perfect solution could be developed in FileMaker Pro, but for something straight out of the box it works really well.

I never thought I’d be extolling the virtues of a Microsoft app but it is a pretty polished bit of software, especially when it comes to GTD.

Bongoman

David's picture

I'm not convinced that software...

I’m not convinced that software “process talk” is applicable to software development.. let alone real life. But, if you feel that you can refactor yourself, why not outsource yourself as well?

Josh's picture

I've been using GTD for...

I’ve been using GTD for a couple of months — not a huge amount of time — and I’ve tried a ton of software solutions. For me, the best solution is turning out to be simplicity: text files and MacNoteTaker. I’m hoping that this site will help me simplify further and even get rid of my Palm as an organizational tool; I’d like to rely ultimately on printed lists and note cards.

I’m just not convinced that GTD is a method that a) requires a lot of tech and b) benefits from complicated tools. The goal of GTD is get things as much off your mind as possible, and software — even simple stuff like Instiki, which has quite a few clicks before any project to-dos are recorded — makes you think about the software. Before you know it, you’re spending time improving or rethinking your wiki, notebook, or outline. This is exactly not the point of GTD. I think this site has the right idea emphasizing tools like QuickSilver and its ‘append’ function: make things easy, transparent, and immediate if you can.

Here’s a good example: for a while the best solution I’d settled on was to use OmniOutliner on the desktop and a Palm with Shadowplan, a great PalmOS outliner. The advantage of SP was being able to see all of my projects at a glance, any time. But to record a new to-do, I inevitably ended up having to open SP, navigate to my project, zoom to the appropriate area of the outline, add the to-do, and shuffle around the items to achieve what seemed a sensible order. This not only took time — it made me think in a way I’d prefer not to.

Lately, I’ve switched to flat text files and index cards. I carry my Palm for contacts and a calendar sometimes, but when I think of an idea I write it on an index card and leave it at that. I save all the thinking / processing for the “Processing” stage of GTD, and I separate “Collecting” from “Processing” as much as possible. You would be amazed how much this helps with keeping stress-free. In my experience, the single greatest insight in GTD is that collecting, processing, and doing all need to be separate parts of your day or week. A lot of software tools get you into collecting and processing, and sometimes even doing, at the same time — e.g. Entourage, where you’re writing emails while you’re looking at your Project lists while you’re recording new tasks.

Obviously, whatever works for you works for you: but I would encourage you, if you haven’t tried it, to try out radically separating collection, processing, and doing. This requires unplugging a bit from cool software (I love VP and OO, for example, and miss playing with them), but it means that you need less of a complicated, one-stop-shop application to get things done and can focus more on clearing your head.

Gordo's picture

I agree with Josh, that...

I agree with Josh, that simplicity is best. The process should be transparent, low barrier to capturing ideas, otherwise you don’t do it.

I had a pager for work and before reading GTD, I was sending myself reminders by email. Then when I read GTD alot of things started to fall into place.

I setup snipsnap a wiki/weblog to capture some links and more rich info. Of course about the same time I changed positions and no longer had access to the RIM pager. I treid using my sell fone to send sms for reminders, but it was not as easy (for me) to enter in the text. So a used RIM is on the way from ebay.

As for my email layout, just followed the suggestions in GTD. Also added a small filing box (not a whole cabinet) for ‘real world’ paper.

The thing that occurred to me that would be a ‘neat toy’, would be a knoppix cd image that could scan an image into a pdf, bonus if it did OCR. That would bridge the gap from dead tree to digital world.

Merlin Mann's picture

But, if you feel that...

But, if you feel that you can refactor yourself, why not outsource yourself as well?

Good one. I would totally do that…if they dramatically improved their support quality.

Actually, it’s the system that gets refactored, not the person. I want to update the program, not the wetware that’s running it. :)

Kris's picture

Like Todd, I've been using...

Like Todd, I’ve been using Circus Pony’s NoteBook. Each project gets (at least) a page. Actions and support info gets listed on the page. I can tag actions with a context keyword and a next action sticker (both could be keywords or both could be stickers). I can then use the super-find feature to get a context list.

This works because I mostly work at home. It would be harder if I needed to use my Palm for anything other than reference. Features that would make NoteBook better for GTD would be sortable super-find results, “smart pages” (which, like Tiger’s smart folders, would display a dynamically-updated super-find result), and Applescriptability, which would let me automate interactions between NoteBook and iCal, for example.

Emily's picture

Not a user of GTD...

Not a user of GTD myself (though maybe I should be) but I thought I’d chime in with a software solution or two I’ve seen floating around. Eastgate’s Tinderbox seems to have a pretty big base of GTD users and seems like a neat solution. There’s some stuff in the support wiki including document templates. HandyShopper for palm also has some GTD templates, but I haven’t checked them out. And I think I’ve lost the url for the software. The user group is here.

Elizabeth's picture

I wanted to chime into...

I wanted to chime into this conversation as one of the co-creators of Circus Ponies NoteBook.

I was introduced to GTD back in 2001, not long before Jayson and I founded Circus Ponies, and it greatly influenced my input into our design of the product. I’m not a 100% GTD follower (I already had a pretty solid system of my own in place), but some of DA’s methods struck me as so brilliant I’ve long since replaced pieces of my own system with pieces from his. :-)



Many of the feature suggestions that are mentioned in this discussion have also been mentioned on our User Forums and we are working to incorporate them into the next major release of the product. While our intention is to make the product useful for anyone, we are particularly interested in hearing from GTD users. We find they are highly self-aware and make excellent constructive suggestions.

We also invite Mac users who would like to get organized to try NoteBook free for 30 days and to take advantage of our Discussion Forums which we read and respond to religiously.

Many thanks to DA for refining such a great system.

Big Bob Buddha's picture

The in-tray of life is...

The in-tray of life is never empty.

You can spend forever trying to empty the tray or you can learn to transcend the tray.

Letting go of the tray is the true path.

Merlin Mann's picture

There is no tray, Bob....

There is no tray, Bob.

 
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Inbox Zero

The original 43 Folders series looking at the skills, tools, and attitude needed to empty your email inbox — and then keep it that way. Don’t miss the free video of Merlin’s Inbox Zero presentation.

Get Started with ‘GTD’

David Allen’s popular productivity book and the system on which it’s based help turn ‘stuff’ into actions that support valuable outcomes.